Prerequisites: HTML and CSS knowledge is helpful but not mandatory
What is PHP?
PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor, you can say it has a recursive initialism 😃 It is a server-side programming language that makes it easy to build dynamic web applications.
If you already know how to build websites with HTML and CSS, that's pretty damn awesome! But let's say you need to make your website more dynamic, for example, create a login system, or a social network where users can post something. You'll need a database management system to store your website's user details and posts. In order to connect your website to the database, you will need a server-side programming language. There are many different options to pick from, but in this lesson, we will use PHP.
In this lesson, we will not be connecting to the database or performing user authentication. This will be a simple use of the PHP language to implement a calculator.
PHP does not run on the browser, but on the server, that's why it's called a 'server-side' programming language. In other to use PHP, we will need to set up a server to host our files. Once the server runs our PHP codes, it sends the output in form of HTML, we can then style it our desired styling so our website looks nice. Don't worry, I'll link the code to everything used in this lesson so you can check and compare with yours. Also, feel free to say hi to me on Twitter. Ready to build your calculator? let's go!
Setting up our local environment
To run PHP, you need a server. You can turn our computer into a server to run our PHP code. To accomplish this, you will install a web server solution stack on your computer. There are a number of available option, I'll list my suggestions below:
Windows / Linux: XAMPP
Mac: MAMP
Once you have the software installed, It should look like this:
Windows / Linux:
Mac:
Next, you'll need to navigate to the htdocs directory. You can find it on:
Windows: C:\xampp\htdocs
Linux: /opt/lampp/htdocs/ ~/Desktop/htdocs/
Mac: /Applications/MAMP/htdocs
This is where we will write our PHP code.
If you are able to make it this far congrats! Now let's write some code.
Writing the HTML
Let's write some simple HTML code that displays a basic form with two text inputs, one select field with five options, and one button on the page.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Calculator</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Calculator World</h1>
<form>
<input type="text" placeholder="operand 1">
<select>
<option selected>None</option>
<option>Add</option>
<option>Subtract</option>
<option>Multiply</option>
<option>Divide</option>
</select>
<input type="text" placeholder="operand 2">
<button>=</button>
<div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Your web page would look like this.
You're doing awesome, next. we will style our page, so it looks clean to some extent. Feel free to skip this section if don't care about styling.
Styling with CSS
You can style your calculator however you want, I'll just give mine some basic styling. See code below.
*{
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
body {
display: flex;
height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background: lightgray;
}
h1 {
margin-top: -10%;
margin-bottom: 26px;
font-size: 3.8rem;
font-family: monospace;
}
form {
display: flex;
width: 80%;
justify-content: space-evenly;
align-items: center;
background: whitesmoke;
border-radius: 30px;
}
form input, button, select {
padding: 20px;
font-size: 1.2rem;
border: none;
background: inherit;
}
form input:focus {
outline: 1px solid dimgray;
}
form button {
background: dimgray;
color: whitesmoke;
border-radius: 50%;
}
div {
color: dimgray;
font-weight: 900;
font-size: 1.2rem;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
h1 {
font-size: 3rem;
}
form {
width: 95%;
padding: 0 5%;
}
form input, button, select {
width: 100%;
margin: 0 5px;
border-radius: 20px;
}
form button {
/*border-radius: 0;*/
/*padding-left: 20px;*/
/*padding-right: 0;*/
width: 10%;
}
}
Next, let's connect our CSS to the HTML by including the link tag. See the example below:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css">
Your calculator would look similar to this if you used my style. If you styled yours differently, I'd like to see it 😃 simply tag me on Twitter and I'll check it out.
Now, Let's enable the calculator to perform some basic calculations.
Giving it Functionality
PHP makes it easy to mix and match code within our HTML code using these tags <?php ?>. Anything written within those tags is regarded as valid PHP code. Be sure to save your file with the .php file extension.
We want whatever value the user inputted to get displayed after the = button. So within our form, just after the button element, we will write some PHP code to calculate user inputs as requested.
To get user inputs, we will need to give each element inside the form a name as shown below:
<input type="text" placeholder="operand 1" name="one">
<select name="operator">
...
<input type="text" placeholder="operand 2" name="two">
<button name="equals">=</button>
Then, we'll give the form a method that specifies what request type we will use in sending the form. For this, we have two options, POST or GET. We will use the latter in our code. Then we need to set an action attribute that tells the browser which file will process the form it's sending, in this case, it's going to be the same file. My file is named index.php. If you named your file differently, be sure to check that it matches with the value provided in the action attribute. See the example below.
<form action="index.php" method="GET">
Next, we will target each element inside the form and write some logic on them. I'll show the PHP code in its entirety below, then explain what each line means afterward.
<div>
<?php
if(isset($_GET['equals'])){
$operandOne = $_GET['one'];
$operandTwo = $_GET['two'];
switch ($_GET['operator']){
case 'None':
echo 'Select and operator';
break;
case 'Add':
echo $operandOne + $operandTwo;
break;
case 'Subtract':
echo $operandOne - $operandTwo;
break;
case 'Multiply':
echo $operandOne * $operandTwo;
break;
case 'Divide':
echo $operandOne / $operandTwo;
break;
default:
echo 'Nothing was supplied';
break;
}
}else {
echo '0';
}
?>
</div>
Explaining the above PHP code:
<?phpStarts the PHP tag so anything we write within it is regarded as valid PHP code.if(isset($_GET['equals'])){Checks if the button, which has the name 'equals' has been clicked$operandOne = $_GET['one'];This statement declares a variable and initializes its value to whatever got passed in by the user into the first input field with the name 'one'.$operandTwo = $_GET['two'];Creates a variable and initializes its values to what got passed into the second input field with name 'two'.switch ($_GET['operator']){A switch statement on what option got selected by the user on the select element.case 'None':This line says if the user selected None, perform the following action.echo 'Select and operator';This string gets printed on the pagebreak;Ends the switch statementcase 'Add':If the user selects Add, perform the following action.echo $operandOne + $operandTwo;Add both values and print the sum on the pagebreak;Ends the switch statementcase 'Subtract':If the user selects Subtract, perform the following action.echo $operandOne - $operandTwo;Subtract the second value from the first and print the result on the pagebreak;Ends the switch statementcase 'Multiply':If the user selects Multiply, perform the following action.echo $operandOne * $operandTwo;Multiply both values and print the result on the pagebreak;Ends the switch statementcase 'Divide':If the user selects Divide, perform the following action.echo $operandOne / $operandTwo;Divide the second value from the first and print the result on the pagebreak;Ends the switch statementdefault:If none of the above happens, do the followingecho 'Nothing was supplied';Prints the stringbreak;End the program}Ends Switch block}else {Else statementecho '0';Prints string to the screen until the if statement evaluates to true}Ends the Else statement?>Closes the PHP tag
Seeing it work
Thanks for reading this far, I hope you found this article helpful. If you got stuck at any point, please see the complete code on Github